Can be used to improve soil 25kg perlite wholesale agriculture perlite expanded perlite
Perlite Ore:
Perlite is a glassy rock formed by the rapid cooling of acidic lava from volcanic eruptions. It is named for its pearly fissure structure. Perlite minerals include perlite, obsidian, and turpentine. The difference between the three is that perlite has circular arc cracks formed by condensation, known as perlite structure, water content of 2~6%; Turpentine rock has a unique turpentine luster, water content of 6~10%; Obsidian has glassy sheen and shell-like fractures, and the water content is generally less than 2%.
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Description
Genetic Type
The perlite mineral deposit is mainly produced in the Mesozoic period of frequent activity in Chinese continental crust. The volcanic rocks of this generation formed a 3,000-km long and 300-800km wide volcanic belt stretching from Heilongjiang in the north to the South China Sea coast and Hainan Island in the south. This rock zone can be further divided into three subzones. The first subbelt is also called the Greater Khingan Mountains and Yanshan Mountains subbelt. This subzone in the main perlite producing areas of Hebei Kuancheng, Pingquan and Zhangjiakou, Weichang, Guyuan; Lingyuan, Faku and Jianping in Liaoning, Jinzhou, Jinxi Yixian and Heishan; Lingqiu in Shanxi Province; Xinyang, Henan Province; Inner Mongolia’s Duolun, Taibusi Banner, Zhenglan banner, Zhonghou Banner, etc. The second subbelt is named the Northeast and Shandong subbelt. The perlite deposits in this subzone include Jiutai in Jilin Province and Muling in Heilongjiang Province. The third subbelt is called the southeast coastal subbelt. The deposits in this subzone include the turpentine deposit in Ninghai, Zhejiang Province.
Industrial type:
There are three kinds of geological classification of perlite. The three divisions are either similar or complementary, except for slightly different chemical limitations. The specific contents of the three categories are shown in the following three tables:
(1) The first classification :k0 refers to the expansion ratio of the ore obtained by the factory roaster test, usually about 2 times of the laboratory roaster test k, as shown in Table 1.
(2) The second classification: see Table 2.
(3) The third classification: see Table 3.
The above three kinds of classification of ore grades are mainly carried out according to the expansion performance of ore. The actual application of the grade should be determined according to specific needs.
All three categories relate the chemical composition of a rock to its expansion ratio. We think that the expansion ratio of perlite is not entirely dependent on its chemical composition.
According to the perlite ore data of Lingqiu County in Shanxi Province, the perlite exists with expansion times k greater than 10 and Na2O/K2O=1~1.5.
| Grade | The expansion factor k0 | Physical properties (mainly microscopic features) | Na2O/K2O |
| Ⅰ | >20 | Glassy transparent, colorless or light, without deglazing or slightly deglazing; Contains little or no crystalline material | ³1 |
| Ⅱ | 20~10 | Vitreous opacity poor to translucent; Glassless, containing crystalline material; Occasionally, the flow pattern is seen | 1~0.5 |
| Ⅲ | <10 | Vitreous transparency is very poor, deep color; Serious deglass, containing crystalline material, > Breccia or rhyolite structure is seen in 5% | <0.5 |
Ore property:
The three types of rocks, perlite, turpentine, and obsidian, all have the ability to expand under transient high temperature conditions. The ore type, material composition, characteristics and water content of perlite are shown in Table 4.
Table 4 Mineral composition and ore characteristics of perlite
Mineral composition
The main composition is massive, porous, pumice perlite, containing a small amount of perocrystalline, quartz phenocrysts, microcrystals and various forms of crystal, cryptocrystalline minerals, hornblende and other arc-shaped cracks, the fracture is jagged, pearl luster, weathered for grease luster, streaks white.
The main components are turpentine rock, hydrolyzed turpentine rock and hydrated turpentine rock, containing a small amount of perspar and white ash material, irregular distribution, the fracture is shell shape, turpentine sheen, white stripes.
The main components are obsidian, obsidian and hydrated obsidian, containing a small amount of quartz, feldspar porphyry, a very small amount of opaque magnetite, corundum, etc., the fracture is flat or seashle-like, part of the jagged, glass luster, weathered for grease luster, white lines
Mineral characteristics
| 1) Main physical properties of perlite | |||
| Color | Yellow and white, red, dark green, gray, brown, black gray and other colors, mainly gray – light gray | ||
| Appearance | The fracture is jagged, seashell, split sheet and stripe white | ||
| Mohs hardness | 5.5~7 | ||
| Density g/cm3 | 2.2~2.4 | ||
| Refractoriness | 1300~1380°C | ||
| Refractive index | 1.483~1.506 | ||
| Expansion factor | 4~25 | ||
2) General chemical composition of perlite ore (%)
| Ore Type | SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | K2O | Na2O | MgO | H2O |
| Perlite | 68~74 | ±12 | 0.5~3.6 | 0.7~1.0 | 2~3 | 4~5 | 0.3 | 2.3~6.4 |
3) Chemical composition of perlite, turpentine and obsidian from some areas in China
Industrial index
When the acid lava erupted to the surface, the magma cooled and became so viscous that much water vapor did not escape from the magma and remained in the vitreous material. When roasting, due to the sudden heat to reach the degree of softening, the vitreous bonded water vaporized to produce great pressure, the volume of rapid expansion. When the glassy material cools below the softening temperature, it condenses into cavity structure and forms porous expanded perlite. Therefore, vitreous is the basic condition of ore expansion, water is the internal reason of ore expansion, and iron is one of the unfavorable factors affecting ore expansion.
The oxidation and melting temperature of perlite is: the initial shrinkage temperature is 1025℃, the softening temperature is 1175℃, the melting temperature is greater than 1500℃, the softening temperature range is 150℃, the melting temperature range is 325℃. The temperature at which perlite begins to shrink is 120℃ lower than feldspar, the softening temperature is 75℃ lower, and the softening range is 95℃ wider. Because of these characteristics, perlite can greatly reduce the sintering temperature and improve the sintering quality of ceramic products. Through further study, perlite also has the property that mullite crystals form early in the ceramic body containing perlite, which is conducive to the development of the sintering process. In this way, the perlite bearing body not only has the same process characteristics as the feldspar-quarts-clay (Kaolin mineral) tercomponent body formula, but also can reduce the firing temperature (from the original 1280℃ to 1180℃-1160℃), and has good thermal stability.
Classification of perlite ore types and grades
| type | Bentonite content % | Expansion factor | Ore grade |
| perlite | <10 | ≥15 | First grade |
| Devitrified perlite | 10~40 | 7≤ <15 | Second and Third grade products |
| Strong devitrification perlite | >40~65 | <7 | Clamped stone |
Appearance and form
Morphology is one of the most striking features of perlite. Different perlite characteristic morphology, the same perlite, because the formation conditions are different, due to the internal structure, composition and so on, often have other characteristics may also appear in different forms is a sign to identify perlite, is also the basis for analysis of perlite origin.
The morphology of crystalline perlite is mainly monomer and aggregate. So the perlite form is not just. For solid amorphous perlite, only the monomer form of aggregate perlite, a single crystal of perlite. The morphology of perlite monomer mainly includes two aspects: crystallization habit of perlite crystal (embodied in crystal shape) and crystal surface pattern.
Crystallization Habit
Under certain growth conditions, the same kind of crystal can always develop into a certain shape. This property is called crystal habit, or crystal habit. According to the development characteristics of perlite crystals in three-dimensional space, the crystallization habit is usually divided into three types, namely, always elongated type: the crystal along one direction specially developed, columnar, acicular, fibrous and other forms, such as columnar quartz, acicular common amphibole, fibrous gypsum, asbestos, etc.; Bidirectional elongated type: crystals along two directions in particular development, is flake, sheet, plate and other forms, such as sheet mica, plate gypsum, etc., tridirectional isoelongated type: crystals in the three-dimensional space development degree is nearly equal, is equiaxed or granular, such as cubic stone salt, pyrite, etc.
In addition to the three basic types mentioned above, there are some transitional types in the crystallization habit of perlite. For example, between a straight extension and two – way long plate, between two – way extension and three – way equal – way thick plate, between three – way equal – way and one – way long – way short – way column, etc.
The shape of perlite monomer is firstly related to its internal factors such as structure and composition. Perlite, such as hornblende and other structures with chain anion groups, often develops along the direction of the chain into columnar, acicular, fibrous. In addition, the shape of perlite monomers is also controlled by the external environment during crystal growth. For example, the cross-section of the shaft is diamond shaped because of the different temperature during growth. Another example is calcite because of different growth temperature, its crystal can be more than 800 shapes.
Main use
Perlite sand by fine grinding and ultrafine grinding, can be used for rubber and plastic products, pigments, paints, ink, synthetic glass, heat insulation bakelite and some mechanical components and equipment as filling material.
Perlite has been expanded to become a new lightweight and multifunctional material. With light apparent density, low thermal conductivity, good chemical stability, a wide range of temperature, small moisture absorption ability, and non-toxic, tasteless, fire, sound absorption and other characteristics, widely used in a variety of industrial sectors.
The main use of expanded perlite
| Application field | Construction industry | Filter aid and filler | Agroforestry horticulture | Machinery, metallurgy, hydropower, light industry | |
| Main use | Concrete aggregate; Light weight, heat preservation, heat insulation sound-absorbing board; Fireproof roof and light anti-freeze, shock, fire, radiation and other high-rise building engineering wall packing, mortar and other building materials; All kinds of industrial equipment, pipe insulation layer; The inner wall of various cryogenic and cold storage projects; Low boiling point liquid, gas storage wall and transport vehicle wall, etc. | Production of molecular sieve, filter, stain removal agent; Used for brewing, making fruit juice, drinks, syrups, sugar, vinegar and other food processing and manufacturing industries to filter fine particles, algae, bacteria, etc. Purify all kinds of liquids; The purified water can be harmless to humans and animals; Chemical industry plastic, paint industry detoxification, purification of waste oil, oil dewaxing, fractionation of alkane, hydrocarbon; As fillers for pigment enamels, glazes, plastics, resins and rubber industries; Catalysts in chemical reactions, and well grout mixtures | Agroforestry horticulture Soil modification, soil compaction regulation, crop lodging prevention, fertilizer efficiency and fertility control, and as a diluent and carrier for insecticides and herbicides | Ingredients for all kinds of heat insulation, insulation glass, mineral wool, ceramics and other products [1] | |
Quality standard
1. Influence of useful elements and main associated elements on raw materials
The main use of perlite is to produce expanded perlite and its products. The effect of expansion is the main factor affecting the quality of products. Factors affecting the expansion property of perlite
Factors affecting the expansion property of perlite
| Influencing factor | Expansion property | ||
| Degree of vitreous clarity and structural development | Vitreous from transparent, translucent to opaque, perlite structure from extremely developed, relatively developed to not developed, the expansion ratio correspondingly from large to small. | ||
| Content of pervious stone and quartz phenocryst | The presence of pervious stone and quartz phenocrysts in the vitreous material is unfavorable to the expansion of ore. After the expansion of perlite with phenocrystalline, its pores are interconnected, resulting in excessive pores and affecting the adiabatic performance | ||
| Iron content | The iron content of ore is too high, which affects the color of the product and tends to reduce the expansion effect. | ||
| Water content | Water content of ore is one of the factors affecting product quality. |
2. Standard of quality classification of perlite commonly used in geology
Standard for quality classification of perlite ①
| grade | Expansion factor (K0) | Appearance feature | Refractive index | Fe2O3 content, % |
| Grade I (high quality ore) | >20 | With a bright glass luster or turpentine luster, shards transparent | In general.<1.5 | In general<1.0 |
| Secondary (medium ore) | 10~20 | It has a glass luster or turpentine luster | In general >1.5 | In general>1.0 |
| Grade 3 (inferior ore) | <10 | The luster is dark, some parts are opaque like soil luster fragments, some are breccia structure or significant flow lines |
First grade perlite ore should be used in industry. Grade 3 ores are not allowed to be used. The requirement for chemical composition is about 70% SiO2; H2O is 4~6%; Fe2O3 + FeO must 1 percent.
3. National standards
Mineral sand for expanded perlite shall adopt the professional standard of the People’s Republic of China approved by the State Administration of Building Materials Industry in September 1988. The technical requirements are shown in Table 12.
Technical requirements for ore
Note: Special requirements shall be agreed by both parties.
4. Local standards
DB/410000D63001-86 is the local standard of Henan Province, which is the technical index of ore sand used for expanded perlite
Technical specification requirements for ore for expanded perlite (DB/410000D63001-86)
| The name of the Pointer | Unit | Index value | |
| Chemical composition | SiO2 | % | ≥68 |
| FeO | ≤1 | ||
| H2O(烧失量) | 2~9 | ||
| Vitreous Content | % | ≥90 | |
| Impurities (including stone, phenocryst, etc.) content | % | ≤10 | |
| Expansion ratio (laboratory) | I Grade | Times | ≥6.0 |
| II Grade | 5.0~6.0 | ||
| III Grade | 4.0~5.0 | ||
| Loose density | kg/m3 | 1100~1300 | |
| Size | 20~60目 | % | The upper screen is not allowed to exceed 2% |
| 60~80目 | The lower screen is not allowed to exceed 2% | ||
| Ore composition | Glassy transparency, no obvious descalation, pearl, glass or turpentine luster | ||
Process flow
Perlite according to the degree of processing, its products can be divided into perlite raw ore, perlite ore, expanded perlite and surface treatment of expanded perlite four categories.
Because the purpose of perlite ore beneficiation is to be selected raw ore processing into granularity, moisture and other indicators are to meet the industrial requirements of the product, that is, perlite ore, thus determining the perlite beneficiation process is very simple, usually broken – classification – drying.
In our country there is no formal mineral processing process, screening mostly uses the process shown in Figure 1.
Raw ore — coarse crushing — sifting — under sifting — medium crushing — sifting — above sifting — below sifting — coarse ore — below sifting — fine ore tailings
FIG. 1 Process flow chart of crushing and screening principle
Additional information
| Weight | 24 kg |
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| Dimensions | 12 × 48 × 62 cm |
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